On January 11, 2008, the Embarq Local Operating Companies (“Embarq”) filed with the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) a Petition for Forbearance claiming that Embarq and other LECs face a growing number of disputes about the appropriate compensation for terminating non-local calls routed to the public switched telephone network (“PSTN”) that originated in Internet Protocol (“IP”). According to Embarq, “increasingly, some carriers are claiming that their IP-to-PSTN voice calls are exempt from access charges because of a regulation that the FCC created in the 1980’s for enhanced service providers (“ESPs”).